Which field involves using biology, genetics, and technology to improve plants, animals, and microorganisms for food production?

Biotechnology is the field that focuses on applying biological knowledge and techniques, as well as genetics and technology, to enhance the traits of plants, animals, and microorganisms for food production. This can include methods such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and bioprocessing, which allow for improvements in yield, disease resistance, and nutritional content.

The advancements in biotechnology have led to the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which are directly utilized in agriculture to create crops that are more resilient to environmental stresses or pests, thereby increasing food security and sustainability.

The other fields mentioned do not encompass the full scope of applications that biotechnology offers in the context of food production. Bromatology refers to the study of food and its components but does not involve genetic modification or the technological enhancements made in biotechnology. Apiology is the study of bees and their role in pollination, which is significant for food production but not focused on the genetic or technological aspects. Zymology deals with the study of fermentation processes, primarily in the context of yeast and brewing, which is a specific subset of food science rather than a broad enhancement of organisms for food production.