Which digestive enzyme found in saliva reacts with carbohydrates to initiate their breakdown into simpler sugars?

Amylase is the digestive enzyme found in saliva that initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates into simpler sugars. This enzyme specifically targets starches and glycogen, breaking them down into smaller carbohydrate molecules such as maltose and dextrins. The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is mixed with saliva, allowing amylase to act on the carbohydrates even before the food reaches the stomach.

The presence of amylase in saliva highlights the importance of the oral cavity in the digestive process. By starting the digestion of carbohydrates early, the body can more efficiently absorb nutrients as the food moves through the digestive system.

Other enzymes mentioned in the options do not play a role in carbohydrate digestion. Lactase is involved in breaking down lactose, which is a sugar found in milk; lipase is responsible for fat digestion; and catalase is an enzyme that helps break down hydrogen peroxide, rather than carbohydrates. Thus, the role of amylase is essential for initiating carbohydrate digestion and is a central part of the digestive process.