Scientists at the Calgene Company isolated the gene responsible for the deterioration of a tomato when it is picked, then used this knowledge to create the Flavr-Saver® tomato. This is an example of applying ____________ to alter the genetic makeup of a food product.

The creation of the Flavr-Saver® tomato is a prime example of biotechnology. This field involves the use of biological processes, organisms, or systems to develop or create products, particularly those related to agriculture and food science. In this case, scientists utilized their understanding of plant genetics to isolate and modify a specific gene associated with tomato deterioration after picking. By altering the genetic makeup of the tomato, they were able to enhance its shelf life and flavor, showcasing how biotechnology can directly impact food production and quality.

This application of biotechnology not only involves genetic engineering techniques but also embraces a broader scope of using biological insights to solve real-world challenges in food preservation and enhancement. Other disciplines and terms such as "magic," "physics," or "inorganic chemistry" do not adequately describe the scientific processes involved in manipulating biological systems for improving food products.