A __________ is an explanation based on a body of knowledge from many observations and supported by results from numerous experiments in food science.

A theory in food science is indeed an explanation that is developed from a broad range of observations and is substantiated by empirical evidence gathered from various experiments. Theories synthesize information from different studies and explain why certain phenomena occur, thus providing a framework for understanding complex scientific concepts.

In contrast to a hypothesis, which is a testable prediction made prior to an experiment, a theory has undergone rigorous testing and validation. Speculation and conjecture involve ideas that may not be rigorously tested or supported by extensive evidence, making them less reliable than a fully developed theory. The robustness of a theory comes from its ability to consistently explain observations and predict outcomes across many scenarios, which is critical in the field of food science where such knowledge can impact practices, safety, and innovations in the industry.